快速排序法通过设置一个中间值,把要排序的数组进行递归,如果按从小到大排序,小于中间值的放左边,中间值在中间,大于中间值的放右边,最后合并数组得出的结果。
一、快速排序法
<?php $arr = [11, 3, 10, 8, 7, 4, 2, 1, 9, 3, 5, 15]; class quickSort { public static function qSort($arr) { if (count($arr) <= 1) { return $arr; } // 中间值 $middle = $arr[0]; $left = $right = []; foreach ($arr as $key => $val) { if ($key == 0) { continue; } if ($val > $middle) { $right[] = $val; } else { $left[] = $val; } } $left = self::qSort($left, $n); $right = self::qSort($right, $n); return array_merge($left, [$middle], $right); } } var_export(quickSort::qSort($arr));
执行结果:
array ( 0 => 1, 1 => 2, 2 => 3, 3 => 3, 4 => 4, 5 => 5, 6 => 7, 7 => 8, 8 => 9, 9 => 10, 10 => 11, 11 => 15, )
二、运行过程
加入对每次数据的记录,查看每次的排序流程。
<?php $arr = [11, 3, 10, 8, 7, 4, 2, 1, 9, 3, 5, 15]; echo var_export($arr) . "<br/>"; class quickSort { public static function qSort($arr, $n) { if (count($arr) <= 1) { return $arr; } // 中间值 $middle = $arr[0]; $left = $right = []; foreach ($arr as $key => $val) { if ($key == 0) { continue; } if ($val > $middle) { $right[] = $val; } else { $left[] = $val; } } $n++; $left = self::qSort($left, $n); echo '第' . $n . '次(left)' . "<br/>" . var_export($left); $right = self::qSort($right, $n); echo '第' . $n . '次(right)' . "<br/>" . var_export($right); echo '第' . $n . '次(all)' . "<br/>" . var_export(array_merge($left, [$middle], $right)); return array_merge($left, [$middle], $right); } } var_export(quickSort::qSort($arr, $n = 0));
执行结果:
array ( 0 => 11, 1 => 3, 2 => 10, 3 => 8, 4 => 7, 5 => 4, 6 => 2, 7 => 1, 8 => 9, 9 => 3, 10 => 5, 11 => 15, ) array ( 0 => 1, )第3次(left) array ( 0 => 3, )第3次(right) array ( 0 => 1, 1 => 2, 2 => 3, )第3次(all) array ( 0 => 1, 1 => 2, 2 => 3, )第2次(left) array ( )第6次(left) array ( 0 => 5, )第6次(right) array ( 0 => 4, 1 => 5, )第6次(all) array ( 0 => 4, 1 => 5, )第5次(left) array ( )第5次(right) array ( 0 => 4, 1 => 5, 2 => 7, )第5次(all) array ( 0 => 4, 1 => 5, 2 => 7, )第4次(left) array ( 0 => 9, )第4次(right) array ( 0 => 4, 1 => 5, 2 => 7, 3 => 8, 4 => 9, )第4次(all) array ( 0 => 4, 1 => 5, 2 => 7, 3 => 8, 4 => 9, )第3次(left) array ( )第3次(right) array ( 0 => 4, 1 => 5, 2 => 7, 3 => 8, 4 => 9, 5 => 10, )第3次(all) array ( 0 => 4, 1 => 5, 2 => 7, 3 => 8, 4 => 9, 5 => 10, )第2次(right) array ( 0 => 1, 1 => 2, 2 => 3, 3 => 3, 4 => 4, 5 => 5, 6 => 7, 7 => 8, 8 => 9, 9 => 10, )第2次(all) array ( 0 => 1, 1 => 2, 2 => 3, 3 => 3, 4 => 4, 5 => 5, 6 => 7, 7 => 8, 8 => 9, 9 => 10, )第1次(left) array ( 0 => 15, )第1次(right) array ( 0 => 1, 1 => 2, 2 => 3, 3 => 3, 4 => 4, 5 => 5, 6 => 7, 7 => 8, 8 => 9, 9 => 10, 10 => 11, 11 => 15, )第1次(all) array ( 0 => 1, 1 => 2, 2 => 3, 3 => 3, 4 => 4, 5 => 5, 6 => 7, 7 => 8, 8 => 9, 9 => 10, 10 => 11, 11 => 15, )